Section 198 of IPC : Section 198: Using as true a certificate known to be false

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi, a job applicant, submits a fake degree certificate to a company during the hiring process. He knows that the certificate is not genuine but uses it to secure a job. The company, believing the certificate to be true, hires Ravi. Later, it is discovered that the certificate is false. Under Section 198 of the Indian Penal Code, Ravi can be punished for using a false certificate as if he had given false evidence.

Example 2:

Priya, a student, applies for a scholarship and submits a certificate claiming she has completed a certain number of community service hours. She knows that the certificate is falsified and that she did not actually complete the required hours. The scholarship committee awards her the scholarship based on the false certificate. When the truth comes to light, Priya can be prosecuted under Section 198 of the Indian Penal Code for using a false certificate as if she had given false evidence.