Section 178 of IPC : Section 178: Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi is a witness in a criminal case involving a theft in his neighborhood. The police officer, who is a legally competent public servant, asks Ravi to take an oath to tell the truth before giving his statement. Ravi refuses to take the oath or make an affirmation. As a result, Ravi can be charged under Section 178 of the Indian Penal Code for refusing to bind himself by an oath or affirmation when duly required by a public servant.

Example 2:

Meena is summoned to court as a witness in a civil dispute over property ownership. The judge, who is a legally competent public servant, asks Meena to take an oath to tell the truth before she testifies. Meena refuses to take the oath or make an affirmation. Consequently, Meena can be punished under Section 178 of the Indian Penal Code for her refusal to bind herself by an oath or affirmation when required by the judge.