Section 84 of IPC : Section 84: Act of a person of unsound mind

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi, a 35-year-old man, has been diagnosed with severe schizophrenia. One day, while experiencing a psychotic episode, he believes that his neighbor is a dangerous intruder and attacks him with a stick. Due to his mental condition, Ravi is unable to understand that his neighbor is not a threat and that attacking him is both wrong and illegal. Under Section 84 of the Indian Penal Code, Ravi's actions may not be considered an offense because, at the time of the act, he was of unsound mind and incapable of understanding the nature of his actions or that they were against the law.

Example 2:

Meena, a 28-year-old woman, suffers from a severe intellectual disability that significantly impairs her cognitive functions. One day, she takes a valuable item from a shop without paying for it, believing it to be a gift. Due to her mental condition, Meena does not comprehend that taking the item without payment is theft and against the law. Under Section 84 of the Indian Penal Code, Meena's actions may not be considered an offense because, at the time of the act, she was of unsound mind and incapable of understanding the nature of her actions or that they were illegal.