Section 106 of IPC : Section 106: Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi is walking home late at night when he is suddenly surrounded by a group of armed robbers. The robbers threaten to kill him if he does not hand over his valuables. Ravi, fearing for his life, pulls out a licensed firearm he carries for self-defense. He notices that there are a few bystanders, including a child, nearby. Ravi realizes that if he fires his weapon to defend himself, there is a risk that one of the bystanders might get hurt. However, given the immediate threat to his life, Ravi fires his weapon to scare off the robbers. In the process, a bullet accidentally grazes the child. Under Section 106 of the Indian Penal Code, Ravi's action is protected as he was exercising his right of private defense against a deadly assault, even though there was a risk of harm to an innocent person.

Example 2:

Priya is at a crowded market when she is suddenly attacked by a man wielding a knife. The attacker is attempting to stab her, and Priya fears for her life. She grabs a heavy object from a nearby stall to defend herself. In the chaos, she notices that there are several people, including an elderly woman, very close to her. Priya understands that swinging the heavy object might inadvertently hurt someone nearby, but she has no other option to protect herself from the deadly assault. She swings the object to fend off the attacker, and in the process, the elderly woman is accidentally injured. According to Section 106 of the Indian Penal Code, Priya's actions are justified as she was exercising her right of private defense against a deadly assault, despite the risk of harm to an innocent person.