Section 51 of IPC : Section 51: "Oath"

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi is a witness in a criminal case being heard in a court in Mumbai. Before he can testify, the judge asks him to take an oath to tell the truth. Ravi, being a devout follower of a religion that does not permit taking oaths, requests to make a solemn affirmation instead. The judge allows this, and Ravi makes a solemn affirmation to tell the truth. This solemn affirmation is treated the same as an oath under Section 51 of the Indian Penal Code.

Example 2:

Priya is applying for a government job and needs to submit a declaration of her educational qualifications. The application process requires her to make this declaration before a public servant. Priya goes to the local magistrate's office and makes the required declaration in front of the magistrate. This declaration, made before a public servant, is considered an "oath" under Section 51 of the Indian Penal Code, even though it is not made in a court of justice.