The Factories Act, 1948
CHAPTER I: PRELIMINARY
Section 2: Interpretation
Bare Act
In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context, -
- (a) "adult" means a person who has completed his eighteenth year of age;
- (b) "adolescent" means a person who has completed his fifteenth year of age but has not completed his eighteenth year;
- (bb) "calendar year" means the period of twelve months beginning with the first day of January in any year;
- (c) "child" means a person who has not completed his fifteenth year of age;
- (ca) "competent person", in relation to any provision of this Act, means a person or an institution recognised as such by the Chief Inspector for the purposes of carrying out tests, examinations and inspections required to be done in a factory under the provisions of this Act having regard to -
- the qualifications and experience of the person and facilities available at his disposal; or
- the qualifications and experience of the persons employed in such institution and facilities available therein, with regard to the conduct of such tests, examinations and inspections, and more than one person or institution can be recognised as a competent person in relation to a factory;
- (cb) "hazardous process" means any process or activity in relation to an industry specified in the First Schedule where, unless special care is taken, raw materials used therein or the intermediate or finished products, bye - products, wastes or effluents thereof would -
- cause material impairment to the health of the persons engaged in or connected therewith, or
- result in the pollution or the general environment : Provided that the State Government may, by notification in the Official G… Read the complete text with KanoonGPT Pro.
Simplified Act
This section defines various terms used in the Factories Act, 1948:
- Adult: A person who is 18 years old or older.
- Adolescent: A person who is between 15 and 18 years old.
- Calendar year: A year that starts on January 1st and ends on December 31st.
- Child: A person who is under 15 years old.
- Competent person: Someone… Read the complete text with KanoonGPT Pro.
Explanation using examples
Imagine a scenario where a manufacturing unit in Maharashtra employs 12 workers and uses machinery powered by electricity to produce textiles… Read the complete text with KanoonGPT Pro.

