Section 122 of BSA : Section 122: Estoppel of tenant and of licensee of person in possession.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi rents a shop from Suresh in Mumbai. Ravi has been paying rent regularly for the past three years. One day, Ravi decides to stop paying rent and claims that Suresh is not the rightful owner of the shop. According to Section 122 of The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, Ravi cannot deny Suresh's title to the shop during the tenancy or even after it ends. Ravi is estopped from challenging Suresh's ownership because he accepted Suresh as the landlord when he started renting the shop.

Example 2:

Priya allows her friend Anjali to stay in her apartment in Delhi for a few months while Anjali looks for a new place. Anjali later refuses to leave and claims that Priya never had the right to let her stay in the apartment. Under Section 122 of The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, Anjali cannot deny Priya's right to possession of the apartment at the time the license was given. Anjali is estopped from challenging Priya's authority to allow her to stay there.

Example 3:

Manoj leases a piece of agricultural land from Ramesh in Punjab. After a few years, Manoj decides to build a house on the land and claims that Ramesh never had the right to lease the land to him. According to Section 122 of The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, Manoj cannot deny Ramesh's title to the land during the tenancy or after it ends. Manoj is estopped from challenging Ramesh's ownership because he accepted Ramesh as the landlord when he started leasing the land.

Example 4:

Sunita allows her cousin, Meena, to use her garage in Bangalore to store some furniture. After a year, Sunita asks Meena to remove the furniture, but Meena refuses and claims that Sunita never had the right to let her use the garage. Under Section 122 of The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, Meena cannot deny Sunita's right to possession of the garage at the time the license was given. Meena is estopped from challenging Sunita's authority to allow her to use the garage.