Section 57 of BSA : Section 57: Primary evidence.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi and Suman enter into a rental agreement for a property in Delhi. The agreement is executed in two parts, one part kept by Ravi and the other by Suman. If a dispute arises and the matter goes to court, either Ravi or Suman can produce their respective part of the agreement as primary evidence of the rental agreement.

Example 2:

A company, XYZ Ltd., prints 500 copies of its annual report using the same printing process. If there is a need to present the annual report in court, any one of the 500 printed copies can be used as primary evidence of the contents of the report.

Example 3:

An electronic contract is signed between two parties, A and B, and stored in a cloud storage service. If a dispute arises, the electronic record stored in the cloud can be produced in court as primary evidence, provided it is not disputed.

Example 4:

A CCTV camera records a theft incident and stores the footage on a hard drive. The footage is also transmitted to a remote server. In court, both the footage stored on the hard drive and the footage on the remote server can be used as primary evidence of the theft incident.

Example 5:

A digital photograph is taken and stored on a smartphone. The same photograph is also uploaded to a social media platform. If the photograph is needed in court, both the version on the smartphone and the one on the social media platform can be used as primary evidence.

Example 6:

A software company develops a program and stores its source code in multiple repositories for backup. If there is a legal dispute regarding the source code, any of the repositories containing the source code can be presented in court as primary evidence.

Example 7:

A person receives an important email and saves it in multiple folders within their email account. If the email needs to be presented in court, any of the saved copies in the different folders can be used as primary evidence.