Section 89 of BSA : Section 89: Presumption as to books, maps and charts.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

A historian is involved in a legal dispute over the authenticity of a historical map of India from the 18th century. The map is produced in court as evidence. According to Section 89 of The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, the court may presume that the map was published by the person and at the time and place it claims to have been published. Therefore, unless there is strong evidence to the contrary, the court will accept the map as an authentic document from the 18th century.

Example 2:

In a case involving land boundaries, a government surveyor presents a published chart showing the official boundaries of a district. The opposing party questions the validity of the chart. Under Section 89 of The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, the court may presume that the chart was published by the relevant government authority at the time and place it claims. This presumption helps the court to rely on the chart as an accurate representation of the district boundaries unless proven otherwise.