Article 298 of CoI : Article 298: Power to carry on trade, etc.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

The Government of India decides to start a new airline company to improve connectivity between remote areas and major cities. This falls under the executive power of the Union to carry on trade or business. However, if the airline operates within a particular state and the state has specific laws regulating aviation businesses, the Union's power will be subject to those state laws unless Parliament has legislated otherwise.

Example 2:

The State Government of Maharashtra wants to set up a chain of state-run grocery stores to provide affordable food to low-income families. This is an exercise of the state's executive power to carry on trade or business. However, if there are central laws governing the retail sector, the state's power to run these stores will be subject to those central laws unless the state legislature has the authority to legislate on that matter.

Example 3:

The Government of Karnataka decides to acquire land to build a new industrial park to boost local employment. This is an exercise of the state's executive power to acquire and hold property. However, if there are central laws regarding land acquisition, the state's actions will be subject to those laws unless the state legislature has the authority to legislate on land acquisition.

Example 4:

The Union Government enters into a contract with a private company to build a new highway connecting multiple states. This is an exercise of the Union's executive power to make contracts for any purpose. If the highway passes through a state with specific regulations on infrastructure projects, the Union's power will be subject to those state laws unless Parliament has legislated otherwise.

Example 5:

The State Government of Tamil Nadu decides to sell a piece of state-owned land to a private developer for building a residential complex. This is an exercise of the state's executive power to dispose of property. However, if there are central laws governing the sale of government property, the state's actions will be subject to those laws unless the state legislature has the authority to legislate on the matter.