Article 256 of CoI : Article 256: Obligation of States and the Union.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Scenario: The Parliament of India passes a law requiring all states to implement a new education policy that mandates free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years.

Application: The executive power of each state must be exercised to ensure that this new education policy is implemented within their jurisdiction. This means that state governments need to allocate resources, set up necessary infrastructure, and take administrative actions to comply with the law passed by Parliament. If a state fails to implement the policy, the Union Government can issue directions to the state to ensure compliance.

Example 2:

Scenario: The Parliament enacts a law to regulate the sale and distribution of a particular drug to prevent its misuse. This law applies to all states in India.

Application: Each state government must exercise its executive power to enforce this law within its territory. This could involve setting up regulatory bodies, conducting inspections, and taking action against violators. If a state is not effectively enforcing the law, the Union Government can step in and issue directives to the state government to take necessary actions to ensure the law is followed.

Example 3:

Scenario: The Parliament passes a law to protect the environment by regulating industrial emissions. This law is applicable across all states.

Application: State governments must ensure that industries within their jurisdiction comply with the new environmental regulations. This may involve monitoring industrial activities, issuing permits, and taking punitive actions against non-compliant industries. If a state is lax in enforcing these regulations, the Union Government can direct the state to take specific measures to ensure compliance with the law.

Example 4:

Scenario: The Parliament enacts a law to improve public health by banning the sale of certain harmful substances, such as tobacco products near educational institutions.

Application: State governments are required to enforce this ban within their territories. This could involve conducting regular checks, imposing fines, and taking legal action against violators. If a state is not effectively implementing the ban, the Union Government can issue directives to the state to ensure that the law is enforced properly.