Article 225 of CoI : Article 225: Jurisdiction of existing High Courts.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Scenario: A dispute arises between two business partners in Mumbai regarding the distribution of profits from their joint venture. One partner decides to file a lawsuit in the Bombay High Court.

Application of Article 225: The Bombay High Court has the jurisdiction to hear this case as it falls under its original jurisdiction. The court will follow the same laws and procedures that were in place before the Constitution of India came into effect. The judges have the authority to make rules regarding the court proceedings and can decide whether the case will be heard by a single judge or a division bench.

Example 2:

Scenario: A farmer in Punjab challenges a new state law that affects agricultural subsidies, claiming it violates his constitutional rights. He files a petition in the Punjab and Haryana High Court.

Application of Article 225: The Punjab and Haryana High Court has the jurisdiction to hear this constitutional challenge. The court will administer the law as it existed before the Constitution came into effect, subject to any changes made by the appropriate legislature. The judges have the power to regulate the sittings of the court and decide on the procedural aspects of the case, ensuring that justice is administered effectively.

Example 3:

Scenario: A taxpayer in Chennai disputes a tax assessment made by the state revenue department and decides to take the matter to the Madras High Court.

Application of Article 225: Before the Constitution of India came into effect, there were certain restrictions on the High Courts' original jurisdiction concerning revenue matters. Article 225 removes these restrictions, allowing the Madras High Court to exercise its original jurisdiction in this tax dispute. The court will follow the same legal principles and procedures that were in place before the Constitution, and the judges can make rules regarding the court's sittings and the administration of justice.

Example 4:

Scenario: A public interest litigation (PIL) is filed in the Calcutta High Court challenging the environmental impact of a new industrial project in West Bengal.

Application of Article 225: The Calcutta High Court has the jurisdiction to hear this PIL as part of its original jurisdiction. The court will administer the law as it existed before the Constitution came into effect, subject to any modifications by the appropriate legislature. The judges have the authority to make rules regarding the court proceedings and can decide whether the case will be heard by a single judge or a division bench, ensuring that the matter is addressed efficiently and justly.