Article 189 of CoI : Article 189: Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Scenario: Voting on a New Education Bill in the State Legislature

The State Legislature of Maharashtra is holding a session to vote on a new Education Bill. There are 288 members in the Legislative Assembly. During the session, 150 members are present and voting.

• Majority Vote: The bill will be passed if more than half of the members present and voting (i.e., more than 75 members) vote in favor of the bill.
• Speaker's Role: The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly does not vote initially. However, if the votes are tied (e.g., 75 in favor and 75 against), the Speaker will cast a deciding vote to break the tie.

Example 2:

Scenario: Validity of Proceedings Despite Vacancies

In the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka, there are currently 10 vacant seats out of 224 total seats due to resignations. Despite these vacancies, the Assembly continues to function and pass laws.

• Power to Act: The Assembly can still conduct its business and pass laws even though there are vacancies. The validity of the proceedings is not affected by the vacancies.
• **Subseq...

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