Article 133 of CoI : Article 133: Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Mr. Sharma owns a piece of land in Uttar Pradesh. He enters into a contract with Mr. Verma to sell this land. However, a dispute arises regarding the terms of the contract, and Mr. Verma files a civil suit in the Allahabad High Court. The High Court rules in favor of Mr. Verma, but Mr. Sharma believes that the judgment involves a substantial question of law of general importance regarding the interpretation of contract law.

Mr. Sharma requests the High Court to certify the case under Article 134A, stating that the question of law needs to be decided by the Supreme Court. The High Court agrees and certifies the case. Mr. Sharma then files an appeal to the Supreme Court under Article 133, seeking a final decision on the substantial question of law.

Example 2:

Ms. Gupta is involved in a property dispute with her neighbor, Mr. Singh, in Maharashtra. The Bombay High Court issues a final order in favor of Mr. Singh. Ms. Gupta believes that the High Court has wrongly interpreted a constitutional provision related to property rights.

Ms. Gupta requests the High Court to certify the case under Article 134A, arguing that the interpretation of the Constitution needs to be reviewed by the Supreme Court. The High Court certifies the case, and Ms. Gupta files an appeal to the Supreme Court under Article 133. In her appeal, she also argues that the High Court has wrongly decided a substantial question of law regarding the interpretation of the Constitution.

Example 3:

A large corporation, XYZ Ltd., is involved in a complex civil litigation case with a small business, ABC Pvt. Ltd., in the Delhi High Court. The High Court issues a final decree in favor of XYZ Ltd. ABC Pvt. Ltd. believes that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance concerning corporate governance and minority shareholder rights.

ABC Pvt. Ltd. requests the High Court to certify the case under Article 134A, stating that the question of law needs to be decided by the Supreme Court. The High Court agrees and certifies the case. ABC Pvt. Ltd. then files an appeal to the Supreme Court under Article 133, seeking a final decision on the substantial question of law.

Example 4:

A non-profit organization, Save the Environment, files a public interest litigation (PIL) in the Madras High Court against a large industrial company, alleging environmental violations. The High Court issues a final order in favor of the industrial company. Save the Environment believes that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance regarding environmental protection and sustainable development.

Save the Environment requests the High Court to certify the case under Article 134A, arguing that the question of law needs to be decided by the Supreme Court. The High Court certifies the case, and Save the Environment files an appeal to the Supreme Court under Article 133, seeking a final decision on the substantial question of law.