Article 116 of CoI : Article 116: Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

The Indian government is in the middle of a financial year, and a natural disaster, such as a severe flood, strikes a major state. The government needs immediate funds to provide relief and rehabilitation to the affected people. However, the detailed annual financial statement and the usual budgetary process are not yet completed. In this scenario, the House of the People (Lok Sabha) can use Article 116(a) to make a grant in advance to cover the estimated expenditure for the relief efforts. This allows the government to act swiftly without waiting for the completion of the usual budgetary procedures.

Example 2:

The Indian government is faced with an unexpected international crisis that requires a significant increase in defense spending. The exact amount and details of the expenditure are not clear due to the indefinite nature of the crisis. Under Article 116(b), the House of the People can make a grant to meet this unexpected demand on the resources of India. This grant does not need the detailed breakdown usually required in the annual financial statement, allowing the government to allocate funds quickly to address the crisis.

Example 3:

The Indian government decides to launch a new space exploration mission that was not part of the current financial year's planned services. This mission requires a substantial amount of funding that was not included in the original budget. According to Article 116(c), the House of the People can make an exceptional grant for this purpose. This grant is separate from the current financial year's services and allows the government to withdraw money from the Consolidated Fund of India specifically for the new space mission.