Article 50 of CoI : Article 50: Separation of judiciary from executive.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

In a small town in India, the local District Magistrate (DM) is responsible for both administrative functions and judicial functions. For instance, the DM might be involved in issuing licenses, maintaining law and order, and also presiding over certain judicial matters like resolving minor disputes or conducting trials for petty offenses.

However, under Article 50 of the Constitution of India, the state government decides to implement reforms to separate these functions. As a result, a new system is introduced where the DM's judicial responsibilities are transferred to a newly appointed judicial magistrate. This judicial magistrate will now exclusively handle all judicial matters, ensuring that the DM focuses solely on administrative duties. This separation helps in reducing conflicts of interest and ensures that judicial decisions are made independently of executive influence.

Example 2:

In a metropolitan city, the police department is often involved in both investigating crimes and prosecuting offenders in court. This dual role can sometimes lead to biases, as the same department that investigates a crime also has a stake in the outcome of the prosecution.

To comply with Article 50, the state government establishes a separate prosecution department. Now, after the police complete their investigation, the case is handed over to the prosecution department, which is entirely independent of the police. This department is responsible for presenting the case in court. This separation ensures that the prosecution is conducted impartially and that the judiciary can make decisions based on unbiased evidence and arguments, thereby upholding the principles of justice and fairness.