Article 36 of CoI : Article 36: Definition.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Scenario: A citizen files a petition in the Supreme Court of India, claiming that a new law passed by the state government violates their fundamental rights.

Application of Article 36: In this case, "the State" refers to the state government that passed the law. The Supreme Court will interpret "the State" as defined in Part III of the Constitution, which includes the government and Parliament of India, the government and legislature of each of the states, and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India.

Example 2:

Scenario: A public interest litigation (PIL) is filed against a municipal corporation for failing to provide adequate sanitation facilities, arguing that it violates the Directive Principles of State Policy.

Application of Article 36: Here, "the State" includes the municipal corporation, as it is considered a local authority under the definition provided in Part III of the Constitution. The court will use this definition to determine the responsibilities and obligations of the municipal corporation in relation to the Directive Principles of State Policy.