Article 31C of CoI : Article 31C: Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

The government of a state in India passes a law to implement land reforms aimed at redistributing land to landless farmers. This law is designed to give effect to the Directive Principles of State Policy under Part IV of the Constitution, which includes the aim of securing a social order for the promotion of the welfare of the people.

A group of wealthy landowners challenges the law in court, arguing that it violates their fundamental rights under Article 14 (Right to Equality) and Article 19 (Right to Property). However, because the law is intended to implement the Directive Principles, Article 31C protects it from being declared void on these grounds. The court upholds the law, stating that it cannot be questioned as it has received the President's assent and is aimed at achieving the state's policy objectives.

Example 2:

The central government enacts a law to provide free and compulsory education to all children up to the age of 14, in line with the Directive Principles of State Policy. This law mandates that private schools reserve a certain percentage of seats for children from economically weaker sections without charging any fees.

Some private school associations file a petition claiming that this law infringes on their rights under Article 19(1)(g) (Right to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade, or business). However, under Article 31C, this law is protected because it is aimed at fulfilling the Directive Principles related to education. The court dismisses the petition, emphasizing that the law is immune from being challenged on the grounds of violating fundamental rights under Articles 14 and 19, as it seeks to implement the state's policy towards securing the Directive Principles.