Article 31A of CoI : Article 31A: Saving of Laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

The government of Maharashtra decides to acquire a large estate owned by a private individual for the purpose of building a public hospital. The estate includes agricultural land, a forest area, and a small village. Under Article 31A, the acquisition of this estate by the State is protected, even if it affects the rights of the landowner. The law providing for this acquisition will not be deemed void even if it conflicts with the rights conferred by Article 14 (Right to Equality) or Article 19 (Right to Freedom).

Example 2:

The State of Karnataka enacts a law to take over the management of a mismanaged private corporation that owns several properties, including agricultural land and buildings. The takeover is intended to ensure proper management and is in the public interest. According to Article 31A, this law will not be considered void even if it affects the rights of the corporation's directors or shareholders under Article 14 or Article 19.

Example 3:

The government of Tamil Nadu decides to amalgamate two struggling agricultural corporations to improve efficiency and management. The law facilitating this amalgamation affects the rights of the managing directors and shareholders of these corporations. Under Article 31A, this law is protected and will not be invalidated due to any inconsistency with Article 14 or Article 19.

Example 4:

A mining company in Rajasthan has a lease agreement with the State to extract minerals. The State enacts a law to prematurely terminate this lease in the public interest to prevent environmental degradation. According to Article 31A, this law will not be deemed void even if it affects the company's rights under Article 14 or Article 19.

Example 5:

The government of Uttar Pradesh enacts a law to acquire land from a large estate for a public housing project. The land includes areas under personal cultivation by the landowner. However, the law ensures that any land within the ceiling limit and any buildings on it are compensated at market value. This provision complies with Article 31A, ensuring that the acquisition is lawful and the landowner is fairly compensated.