Article 22 of CoI : Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi, a resident of Delhi, is arrested by the police on suspicion of theft. As per Article 22(1) of the Constitution of India, the police must inform Ravi of the grounds for his arrest immediately. Ravi is also entitled to consult and be defended by a lawyer of his choice. The police cannot deny him this right.

Example 2:

Priya is arrested in Mumbai for allegedly participating in a protest. According to Article 22(2), the police must produce Priya before the nearest magistrate within 24 hours of her arrest, excluding the time taken to travel from the place of arrest to the court. If the police fail to do so, Priya's detention becomes illegal.

Example 3:

Arjun, a foreign national from a country at war with India, is arrested in Chennai. As per Article 22(3)(a), the protections under clauses (1) and (2) do not apply to Arjun because he is considered an enemy alien.

Example 4:

Meera is detained under a preventive detention law in Kolkata. According to Article 22(4), she cannot be detained for more than three months unless an Advisory Board, consisting of qualified judges, reviews her case and finds sufficient cause for her continued detention. If the Advisory Board does not approve, Meera must be released after three months.

Example 5:

Rajesh is detained under a preventive detention order in Bangalore. As per Article 22(5), the authority that issued the detention order must inform Rajesh of the grounds for his detention as soon as possible and give him an opportunity to make a representation against the order. However, under Article 22(6), the authority is not required to disclose any facts that it considers against the public interest.

Example 6:

The Parliament enacts a law specifying that certain individuals can be detained for more than three months without the Advisory Board's opinion under specific circumstances. This is in accordance with Article 22(7)(a). The same law also sets the maximum period for which a person can be detained under preventive detention and outlines the procedure the Advisory Board must follow during its inquiry, as per Article 22(7)(b) and (c).