Article 21 of CoI : Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi, a resident of Delhi, was arrested by the police without any warrant or proper legal procedure. He was kept in custody for several days without being presented before a magistrate. Ravi's family filed a petition in the High Court, arguing that his detention violated Article 21 of the Constitution of India. The court ruled in favor of Ravi, stating that his right to personal liberty was infringed upon as he was not detained according to the procedure established by law. The court ordered his immediate release and directed the police to follow proper legal procedures in the future.

Example 2:

Meera, a journalist, wrote an article exposing corruption in a government department. In retaliation, the authorities detained her without any formal charges or trial. Meera's lawyer filed a habeas corpus petition, claiming that her detention was illegal and violated her right to personal liberty under Article 21. The Supreme Court reviewed the case and found that Meera's detention was arbitrary and not in accordance with the procedure established by law. The court ordered her release and emphasized the importance of following due process to protect individual freedoms.

Example 3:

Arjun, a farmer from Maharashtra, was forcefully evicted from his land by a private company without any legal notice or compensation. Arjun approached the court, arguing that his right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 was violated as he was deprived of his livelihood and shelter without following the due process of law. The court ruled in Arjun's favor, stating that the eviction was illegal and ordered the company to compensate Arjun and restore his land. The court highlighted that the right to life includes the right to livelihood and shelter, and any deprivation must follow the legal procedure.

Example 4:

Sita, a school teacher, was diagnosed with a life-threatening illness and required immediate medical treatment. However, the government hospital refused to admit her due to a lack of beds. Sita's family filed a petition in the court, arguing that the denial of medical treatment violated her right to life under Article 21. The court directed the hospital to provide immediate medical care to Sita, stating that the right to life includes the right to timely medical treatment and that the state has an obligation to ensure access to healthcare facilities.