Article 15 of CoI : Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi, a Hindu man, applies for a job at a government office in Delhi. During the interview, he is asked about his religion and is told that the office prefers to hire only people from a particular religion. Ravi can challenge this decision under Article 15(1) of the Constitution of India, which prohibits the State from discriminating against any citizen on the grounds of religion.

Example 2:

Ayesha, a Muslim woman, is denied entry to a public restaurant in Mumbai because of her religion. She can file a complaint under Article 15(2)(a) of the Constitution, which ensures that no citizen shall be subject to any restriction with regard to access to shops, public restaurants, hotels, and places of public entertainment on the grounds of religion.

Example 3:

Ramesh, a Dalit, is not allowed to use a public well in his village in Uttar Pradesh because of his caste. This is a violation of Article 15(2)(b) of the Constitution, which prohibits discrimination on the grounds of caste with regard to the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads, and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds.

Example 4:

The government of Karnataka introduces a special scholarship program for girls from economically weaker sections to promote their education. This is permissible under Article 15(3) of the Constitution, which allows the State to make special provisions for women and children.

Example 5:

The State of Maharashtra implements a reservation policy for Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) in educational institutions. This is allowed under Article 15(4) and 15(5) of the Constitution, which permit the State to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes of citizens, including SCs and STs.

Example 6:

The government of Tamil Nadu introduces a reservation of 10% seats in educational institutions for economically weaker sections (EWS) of citizens who do not fall under SC, ST, or other backward classes. This is in accordance with Article 15(6) of the Constitution, which allows the State to make special provisions for the advancement of EWS, including reservations in educational institutions.