Section 158 of IEA : Section 158: What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 32 or 33.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi, a businessman, made a dying declaration (a statement made by a person on the verge of death) stating that his business partner, Suresh, poisoned him. This statement is relevant under Section 32 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. During the trial, Suresh's lawyer wants to prove that Ravi had a history of making false accusations against others to discredit Ravi's statement. Suresh's lawyer presents evidence of previous instances where Ravi falsely accused other business rivals of similar crimes. This evidence is allowed under Section 158 to contradict Ravi's dying declaration.

Example 2:

Priya, a witness in a murder case, gave a statement under oath during a previous judicial proceeding (relevant under Section 33 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872) that she saw the accused, Arjun, at the crime scene. During the current trial, Arjun's lawyer wants to corroborate Priya's statement by presenting evidence that Priya had a clear view of the crime scene from her house. Additionally, Arjun's lawyer also wants to impeach Priya's credibility by showing that she had a personal grudge against Arjun. Both types of evidence are permissible under Section 158 to either support or challenge Priya's earlier statement.