Section 63 of IEA : Section 63: Secondary evidence.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi is involved in a property dispute with his neighbor, Suresh. The original property deed is with a government office that has temporarily misplaced it. Ravi needs to present the deed in court to prove his ownership. He obtains a certified copy of the deed from the government office. This certified copy is considered secondary evidence under Section 63(1) of The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, and can be used in court to support his claim.

Example 2:

Priya is contesting a will in court. The original will was destroyed in a fire, but Priya has a photocopy of the will that was made before the fire. She also has a witness, Raj, who saw the original will and can testify about its contents. The photocopy of the will is secondary evidence under Section 63(2) and (5) of The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, and Raj's oral account of the will's contents is also secondary evidence. Both can be used in court to establish the contents of the original will.