Section 9 of IEA : Section 9: Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Scenario: A dispute over a property will.

Situation: Mr. Sharma has passed away, and there is a dispute over the validity of his will. His son, Raj, claims that the will is genuine, while his daughter, Priya, argues that it is forged.

Application of Section 9:

• Relevant Facts: The state of Mr. Sharma's property and his family relations at the time the will was allegedly made.
• Explanation: To determine the validity of the will, the court may consider Mr. Sharma's financial status, his relationship with Raj and Priya, and any other relevant family dynamics at the time the will was created. For instance, if Mr. Sharma had a strained relationship with Priya and had expressed intentions to leave most of his property to Raj, these facts could support Raj's claim.

Example 2:

Scenario: A defamation lawsuit.

Situation: Ms. Mehta sues Mr. Verma for defamation, claiming that he published false statements about her professional conduct, damaging her reputation.

Application of Section 9:

• Relevant Facts: The relationship between Ms. Mehta and Mr. Verma at the time the alleged defamatory statements were made.
• Explanation: The court may examine the nature of the relationship between Ms. Mehta and Mr. Verma to understand the context of the statements. If there was a prior dispute or rivalry between them, this could be relevant to establish whether Mr. Verma had a motive to defame Ms. Mehta. However, details of unrelated disputes would be irrelevant unless they directly impacted their relationship at the time of the defamation.

Example 3:

Scenario: A criminal case involving theft.

Situation: Mr. Khan is accused of stealing a valuable painting from an art gallery. Shortly after the theft, he is seen leaving town abruptly.

Application of Section 9:

• Relevant Facts: Mr. Khan's sudden departure and the reasons for it.
• Explanation: The fact that Mr. Khan left town suddenly after the theft is relevant as it may indicate consciousness of guilt. However, if Mr. Khan can provide a valid reason for his sudden departure, such as an urgent business meeting in another city, this explanation is also relevant. The specifics of the business meeting are only relevant to the extent that they show the urgency and necessity of his departure.

Example 4:

Scenario: A breach of contract case.

Situation: Mr. Gupta sues Mr. Singh for inducing Mr. Kumar to break a service contract with Mr. Gupta.

Application of Section 9:

• Relevant Facts: Mr. Kumar's statement when leaving Mr. Gupta's service.
• Explanation: When Mr. Kumar left Mr. Gupta's employment, he stated, "I am leaving because Mr. Singh offered me a better job." This statement is relevant as it explains Mr. Kumar's conduct and supports Mr. Gupta's claim that Mr. Singh induced the breach of contract.

Example 5:

Scenario: A riot case.

Situation: Mr. Patel is on trial for participating in a riot. He was seen leading a group of people during the incident.

Application of Section 9:

• Relevant Facts: The cries and slogans of the mob.
• Explanation: The cries and slogans shouted by the mob are relevant as they help to explain the nature of the riot and Mr. Patel's role in it. For instance, if the mob was shouting slogans inciting violence, this could indicate that Mr. Patel was leading a violent protest, which is relevant to the charges against him.