Section 3 of IEA : Section 3: Interpretation-clause.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Scenario: A Theft Case

Facts:

• Ramesh is accused of stealing a gold necklace from Sita's house.
• The police found the necklace in Ramesh's possession.
• Ramesh claims he found the necklace on the street.

Application of the Act:

• Court: The case is brought before a Magistrate who is legally authorized to take evidence.
• Fact: The presence of the necklace in Ramesh's possession is a fact.
• Relevant: The fact that Ramesh was found with the necklace is relevant to the theft.
• Facts in issue:
  • Whether Ramesh stole the necklace from Sita's house.
  • Whether Ramesh found the necklace on the street.
• Document: The police report documenting the recovery of the necklace is a document.
• Evidence:
  • Oral evidence: Testimonies from Sita, Ramesh, and any witnesses.
  • Documentary evidence: The police report and any CCTV footage.
• Proved: If the Court believes the testimonies and evidence showing Ramesh stole the necklace, the fact is proved.
• Disproved: If the Court believes Ramesh's claim and finds evidence supporting it, the theft allegation is disproved.
• Not proved: If the Court finds the evidence inconclusive, the theft allegation is not proved.

Example 2:

Scenario: A Contract Dispute

Facts:

• Anil and Sunil entered into a contract where Anil agreed to deliver 100 bags of rice to Sunil.
• Sunil claims Anil did not deliver the rice as agreed.
• Anil claims he delivered the rice but Sunil refused to accept it.

Application of the Act:

• Court: The dispute is brought before a Civil Judge.
• Fact: The existence of the contract and the delivery of rice are facts.
• Relevant: The fact that Anil claims to have delivered the rice is relevant to the dispute.
• Facts in issue:
  • Whether Anil delivered the rice to Sunil.
  • Whether Sunil refused to accept the rice.
• Document: The written contract and any delivery receipts are documents.
• Evidence:
  • Oral evidence: Testimonies from Anil, Sunil, and any witnesses.
  • Documentary evidence: The contract and delivery receipts.
• Proved: If the Court believes the testimonies and evidence showing Anil delivered the rice, the fact is proved.
• Disproved: If the Court believes Sunil's claim and finds evidence supporting it, the delivery claim is disproved.
• Not proved: If the Court finds the evidence inconclusive, the delivery claim is not proved.