Section 195 of CrPC : Section 195: Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servants, for offences against public justice and for offences relating to documents given in evidence.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi, a government officer, issues a notice to a local businessman, Arjun, to provide certain documents for an investigation. Arjun, instead of complying, tears up the notice and verbally abuses Ravi. Ravi files a written complaint against Arjun for obstructing a public servant in the discharge of his duties under Section 186 of the Indian Penal Code. According to Section 195(1)(a)(i) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the court can only take cognizance of this offence based on Ravi's written complaint.

Example 2:

During a civil court proceeding, Sunita submits a forged property document to support her claim. The opposing party, Ramesh, discovers the forgery and informs the court. The judge decides to file a complaint against Sunita for forgery under Section 471 of the Indian Penal Code. As per Section 195(1)(b)(ii) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the court can only take cognizance of the offence based on the written compla...

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