Rule 21 of CPC : Rule 21: Rules as to witnesses to apply to parties summoned.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Rajesh files a civil suit against his neighbor, Suresh, for encroaching on his property. During the trial, the court requires Rajesh to provide evidence to support his claim. Rajesh is summoned to testify and produce relevant documents, such as property deeds and survey reports. According to Rule 21 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, the same rules that apply to witnesses also apply to Rajesh. This means Rajesh must take an oath, answer questions truthfully, and can be cross-examined by Suresh's lawyer, just like any other witness.

Example 2:

Meera is involved in a civil lawsuit against a construction company for breach of contract. The court summons Meera to produce the original contract and other related documents. Under Rule 21 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, Meera is treated as a witness. She must follow the same procedures as any other witness, including presenting the documents in court, taking an oath, and being subject to cross-examination by the construction company's lawyer. This ensures that the evidence provided by Meera is scrutinized in the same manner as evidence from any other witness.