Rule 4 of CPC : Rule 4: Endorsements on documents admitted in evidence.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Case Title: Ram Kumar vs Shyam Lal

Scenario: Ram Kumar has filed a civil suit against Shyam Lal for the recovery of a loan amounting to ₹5,00,000. During the trial, Ram Kumar produces a promissory note signed by Shyam Lal as evidence of the loan.

Application of Rule 4:

1. The court admits the promissory note as evidence.
2. The Judge endorses the document with the following details:
   • (a) Suit No. 123/2023, Ram Kumar vs Shyam Lal
   • (b) Produced by Ram Kumar
   • (c) Produced on 15th March 2023
   • (d) Admitted as evidence
3. The Judge signs or initials the endorsement on the promissory note.

Example 2:

Case Title: Sita Devi vs Gopal Singh

Scenario: Sita Devi has filed a civil suit against Gopal Singh for the partition of ancestral property. During the trial, Sita Devi produces an old family ledger that contains entries of property distribution among family members.

Application of Rule 4:

1. The court admits the family ledger as evidence.
2. Since the ledger is a book, a copy of the relevant entries is made and substituted for the original.
3. The Judge endorses the copy with the following details:
   • (a) Suit No. 456/2023, Sita Devi vs Gopal Singh
   • (b) Produced by Sita Devi
   • (c) Produced on 20th April 2023
   • (d) Admitted as evidence
4. The Judge signs or initials the endorsement on the copy of the ledger entries.