Section 83 of CPC : Section 83: When Aliens May Sue

Explanation using Example

Imagine a Canadian citizen (alien friend) is on a business trip in India and enters into a contract with an Indian company. Later, a dispute arises over the terms of the contract. The Canadian citizen has the right to file a lawsuit in an Indian court to resolve the dispute, just as an Indian citizen would, because they are considered an 'alien friend' under Section 83 of The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.

On the other hand, consider a citizen of a country that is currently at war with India. If this individual is residing in India without the permission of the Central Government, or if they are conducting business in their home country without a license from the Central Government, they would not be permitted to initiate a lawsuit in Indian courts as per the explanation provided in Section 83, since they would be deemed an 'alien enemy'.