Section 11 of CPC : Section 11: Res Judicata

Explanation using Example

Let's say Mr. A sues Mr. B over a property dispute, claiming ownership of a piece of land. The court hears the case, considers the evidence, and rules in favor of Mr. B, establishing his right to the property. This decision is final, and Mr. A does not appeal it.

Later, Mr. A files a new lawsuit against Mr. B in a different court, again claiming ownership of the same piece of land, hoping for a different outcome. However, because of Section 11 of The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, the new court will not entertain this second lawsuit on the same issue between the same parties. The principle of res judicata applies, which means that the matter has already been adjudicated by a competent court and cannot be re-litigated.