Section 52 of BNS : Section 52: Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Amit encourages his friend Raj to steal a motorcycle from a parking lot. Raj, following Amit's suggestion, steals the motorcycle. While escaping, Raj hits a pedestrian, causing serious injuries. In this scenario, Raj has committed two distinct offences: theft of the motorcycle and causing grievous hurt to the pedestrian. According to Section 52 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, Raj is liable for punishment for both offences. If Amit knew that Raj might cause grievous hurt while escaping, Amit would also be liable for punishment for both the theft and the grievous hurt.

Example 2:

Priya persuades her colleague, Sunil, to forge a signature on a company cheque to withdraw money illegally. Sunil forges the signature and withdraws the money. During the act, Sunil also hacks into the company's computer system to cover his tracks. Sunil has committed two distinct offences: forgery and unauthorized access to the computer system. Under Section 52, Sunil is liable for punishment for both offences. If Priya was aware that Sunil might hack into the computer system to cover his tracks, Priya would also be liable for punishment for both forgery and unauthorized access.

Example 3:

Ravi instigates his neighbor, Suresh, to set fire to a rival's shop. Suresh sets the shop on fire, and the fire spreads to an adjacent building, causing significant property damage. Suresh has committed two distinct offences: arson and causing property damage. According to Section 52, Suresh is liable for punishment for both offences. If Ravi knew that the fire might spread and cause additional property damage, Ravi would also be liable for punishment for both arson and causing property damage.

Example 4:

Neha convinces her friend, Anil, to break into a house and steal valuables. Anil breaks into the house and, in the process, assaults the homeowner who tries to stop him. Anil has committed two distinct offences: housebreaking and assault. Under Section 52, Anil is liable for punishment for both offences. If Neha knew that Anil might assault anyone who tried to stop him, Neha would also be liable for punishment for both housebreaking and assault.