Section 15 of BNS : Section 15: Act of Judge when acting judicially.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Judge Sharma is presiding over a criminal trial in a district court. During the trial, he makes a decision to admit certain evidence that the defense argues is inadmissible. Judge Sharma believes in good faith that the law allows him to admit this evidence. Later, it is found that the evidence should not have been admitted according to a higher court's interpretation of the law. Despite this error, Judge Sharma is not held criminally liable for his decision because he was acting judicially and believed he was exercising his lawful powers.

Example 2:

Judge Mehta is handling a civil dispute over property ownership. Based on the evidence presented, she issues a judgment in favor of one party, believing that the law supports her decision. The losing party feels the judgment is unfair and files a complaint alleging that Judge Mehta acted improperly. However, since Judge Mehta made her decision while acting in her judicial capacity and believed she was following the law, she is protected under Section 15 of The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 and cannot be prosecuted for her judicial actions.