Section 40 of BNSS : Section 40: Arrest by private person and procedure on such arrest.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Rahul is a shopkeeper in a busy market in Delhi. One afternoon, he notices a man, Ramesh, trying to pickpocket a customer in his shop. Rahul knows that pickpocketing is a non-bailable and cognizable offence. Without waiting for the police, Rahul and a few other shopkeepers apprehend Ramesh and hold him in the shop. They immediately call the local police station. Within an hour, a police officer arrives, and Rahul hands over Ramesh to the officer, explaining the situation. The police officer takes Ramesh into custody for further investigation.

Example 2:

Priya is walking home from work in Mumbai when she sees a man, Vijay, who she recognizes from a police notice as a proclaimed offender wanted for multiple thefts. Priya quickly calls her friend, who lives nearby, for help. Together, they manage to detain Vijay and take him to the nearest police station, which is just a few blocks away. They hand Vijay over to the police within 30 minutes of detaining him. The police verify Vijay's identity and take him into custody for further legal action.

Example 3:

Amit is at a local park in Bangalore when he sees a man, Suresh, vandalizing public property by spray-painting offensive graffiti. Amit knows that vandalism is a non-cognizable offence. He calls the police, and when the officer arrives, Suresh refuses to give his name and address. The officer suspects that Suresh is lying about his identity. Following the provisions of Section 39, the officer decides to take Suresh into custody for further verification. If it turns out that Suresh has not committed any offence, he will be released immediately.

Example 4:

Sunita is at a railway station in Chennai when she sees a man, Arjun, trying to steal a woman's purse. Sunita and a few other passengers manage to catch Arjun in the act. They hold him and call the railway police. Within 20 minutes, the railway police arrive and take Arjun into custody. Sunita provides her statement to the police, explaining what she witnessed. The police then proceed with the necessary legal actions against Arjun.