Article 113 of CoI : Article 113: Procedure In Parliament Concerning Estimates

Explanation using Example

Imagine the government of India is planning its annual budget. Part of this budget includes expenses that are 'charged upon the consolidated fund of India', such as the salaries of the President, judges, and debt obligations. According to Article 113(1), these expenditures are not voted on by Parliament but can be discussed.

For other expenses, like new infrastructure projects or education programs, the government must present these costs as 'demands for grants' to the Lok Sabha as per Article 113(2). The Lok Sabha then has the right to approve, deny, or modify these demands.

Before any of these demands are discussed in the Lok Sabha, they must be recommended by the President as stated in Article 113(3). Without this recommendation, no demand for a grant can be made.