Article 73 of CoI : Article 73: The Extent Of The Executive Power Of The Union

Explanation using Example

Imagine the Government of India signs an international treaty on climate change, which includes provisions for reducing carbon emissions. Article 73 of the Constitution of India would empower the Union executive to implement this treaty. As such, the central government could introduce policies and regulations to enforce emission standards across industries that are within the central list of subjects on which Parliament can legislate.

However, if the treaty includes aspects that fall under the State List, such as agriculture, the central government's power to enforce the treaty in those areas would require either a constitutional provision, an express law made by Parliament allowing it, or the state's consent.

In another scenario, a state government may have been managing water resources before the Constitution came into effect. Article 73(2) allows the state to continue managing those resources until Parliament decides to legislate on that matter.