Article 12 of CoI : Article 12: Definition

Explanation using Example

Example Application of Article 12:

Imagine a company, XYZ Corp, which is a government-owned enterprise. An employee of XYZ Corp, Priya, feels that her right to equality is being violated by the company's promotion policy, which she believes discriminates against women. Priya decides to challenge the policy in court.

In this scenario, Article 12 of the Constitution of India comes into play. Since XYZ Corp is owned by the government, it falls under the definition of 'the State'. Therefore, Priya can invoke her fundamental rights against it, arguing that as 'the State', XYZ Corp is bound to respect the Fundamental Rights enshrined in Part III of the Constitution.