The Indian Stamp Act, 1899
CHAPTER II: STAMP DUTIES
E: DUTY BY WHOM PAYABLE
Section 29: Duties By Whom Payable
Bare Act
In the absence of an agreement to the contrary, the expense of providing the proper stamp shall be borne -
- in the case of any instrument described in any of the following Articles of Schedule I, namely:
- No. 2. (Administration Bond),
- No. 6 (Agreement relating to Deposit of Title-deeds, Pawn or Pledge),
- No. 13 (Bill of exchange),
- No. 15 (Bond),
- No. 16 (Bottomry Bond),
- No. 26 (Customs Bond),
- No. 32 (Further charge),
- No. 34 (Indemnity-Bond),
- No. 40 (Mortgage-deed),
- No. 49 (Promissory-note),
- No. 55 (Release),
- No. 56 (Respondentia Bond),
- No. 57 (Security-bond or Mortgage-deed),
- No. 58 (Settlement),
- No. 62 (c). (Transfer of any interest secured by a bond, mortgage-deed or policy of insurance),
- in the case of a policy of insurance other than fire-insurance - by the person effecting the insurance;
- in the case of a policy of fire-insurance - by the person issuing the policy;
- in the case of a conveyance (including re-conveyance of mortgaged property) by the grantee; in the case of a lease or agreement to lease - by the lessee or intended lessee;
- in the case of a counterpart of a lease - by the lessor;
- in the case of an instrument of exchange including swap - by the parties in equal shares,
- in the case of a certificate of sale - by the purchaser of the property to which such certificate relates;
- in the case of an instrument of partition - by the parties thereto in proportion to their respective shares in the whole property partitioned or, when the partition is made in execution of an order passed by a Revenue-authority or Civil Court or arbitrator, in such proportion as such authority, Court or arbitrator directs.
- in the case of sale of security through stock exchange, by the buyer of such security;
- in the case of sale of security otherwise than through a stock exchange, by the seller of such security;
- in the case of transfer of security through a depository, by the transferor of such security;
- in the case of transfer of security otherwise than through a stock exchange or depository, by the transferor of such security;
- in the case of issue of security, whether through a stock exchange or a depository or otherwise, by the issuer of such security; and
- in the case of any other instrument not specified herein, by the person making, drawing or executing such instrument.
STATE AMENDMENT
Uttarakhand
Amendment of section 29
In Section 29 of the Principal Act, -
- In clause (a), after the words (and figures, "No. 40 (Mortgage deed)), " the words and figures "No. 43 (Note or memorandum), " shall be inserted;
- after clause (f), the following clause shall be inserted, namely, -
- "'(f-f) in the case of an Instrument of Gift by the donee;"
Vide Uttarakhand Act 1 of 2016, s. 4
Simplified Act
When there's no special agreement between parties, the cost of the stamp duty (which is a tax on legal documents) should be paid as follows:
- For legal documents like bonds, agreements, bills of exchange, and others listed from No. 2 to No. 62(c) in Schedule I, the person who creates the document should pay the stamp duty.
- If it's an insurance policy (except for fire insurance), the person getting the insurance should pay.
- For a fire insurance policy, the company issuing the policy should pay.
- When property is transferred (conveyance), the person receiving the property (grantee) should pay; for leases, the tenant (lessee) should pay.
- If it's the counterpart of a lease, the landlord (lessor) should pay.
- For a document of exchange or swap, both parties should share the cost equally.
- For a certificate of sale, the buyer should pay.
- For a document of partition, the parties should pay in proportion to their shares, or as directed by an authority or court if applicable.
- For buying securities through a stock exchange, the buyer should pay.
- For selling securities outside a stock exchange, the seller should pay.
- For transferring securities through a depository, the person transferring (transferor) should pay.
- For issuing securities, the issuer should pay.
- For any other legal document not mentioned, the person creating it should pay.
Special Rule for Uttarakhand:
- In Uttarakhand, they've added a note that for an instrument of gift, the recipient (donee) should pay the stamp duty.

