Section 4 of IPC : Section 4: Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences
IPC
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Explanation using Example
Example 1:
Rahul, an Indian citizen, travels to France for a business trip. While in France, he gets into a heated argument with a colleague and assaults him, causing serious injury. Under Section 4 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, Rahul can be prosecuted for assault in India, even though the crime was committed in France. This is because the provisions of the Code apply to any offence committed by an Indian citizen outside India.
Example 2:
An Indian cargo ship registered in Mumbai is sailing in international waters. During the voyage, a crew member named Suresh steals valuable equipment from the ship. Despite the theft occurring outside Indian territorial waters, Suresh can be prosecuted under the Indian Penal Code, 1860, because the offence was committed on a ship registered in India.
Example 3:
A hacker based in Russia targets and successfully breaches the security of a computer server located in Bangalore, India, stealing sensitive data. Under Section 4 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, the hacker can be prosecuted in India for the cybercrime, as the offence targeted a computer resource located in India.
Example 4:
Priya, an Indian citizen, is studying in the United States. She gets involved in a financial scam, defrauding several people of their money. When Priya returns to India for a vacation, she can be arrested and tried for the fraud under the Indian Penal Code, 1860, because the offence was committed by an Indian citizen outside India.
Example 5:
An aircraft registered in India is flying from Delhi to London. During the flight, a passenger named Arjun gets into a physical altercation with a flight attendant. Despite the incident occurring in international airspace, Arjun can be prosecuted under the Indian Penal Code, 1860, because the offence was committed on an aircraft registered in India.