Section 11 of IEA : Section 11: When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Scenario: A theft occurred in a jewelry store in Mumbai on the night of January 15th. The police suspect Mr. X of committing the theft.

Application of Section 11:

• Fact: Mr. X claims he was attending a wedding in Delhi on January 15th.
• Relevance: The fact that Mr. X was in Delhi on the night of the theft is relevant because it is inconsistent with the fact in issue (i.e., Mr. X committing the theft in Mumbai).
• Additional Fact: CCTV footage from the wedding venue in Delhi shows Mr. X attending the wedding at the exact time the theft occurred in Mumbai.
• Relevance: This additional fact makes it highly improbable that Mr. X could have committed the theft, thus making his alibi relevant under Section 11.

Example 2:

Scenario: A murder occurred in a small village, and the suspects are Mr. A, Mr. B, Mr. C, and Mr. D. The police need to determine who among them committed the crime.

Application of Section 11:

• Fact: Mr. A has a strong motive to commit the murder, but there is no direct evidence linking him to the crime.
• Relevance: The fact that Mr. A had a motive is relevant because it makes the existence of the fact in issue (i.e., Mr. A committing the murder) more probable.
• Additional Fact: Mr. B, Mr. C, and Mr. D were all seen together at a local festival at the time of the murder, and multiple witnesses can confirm their presence.
• Relevance: The fact that Mr. B, Mr. C, and Mr. D were at the festival makes it highly improbable that they committed the murder, thus making it more probable that Mr. A is the perpetrator. This makes the facts about Mr. B, Mr. C, and Mr. D's alibis relevant under Section 11.