Section 83 of CPC : Section 83: When aliens may sue.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Scenario: John, a British citizen, is residing in India with the permission of the Central Government. He entered into a contract with an Indian company for the supply of goods. The Indian company failed to deliver the goods as per the contract terms.

Application of Section 83: John, being an alien friend residing in India with the necessary permission, can file a lawsuit in an Indian court against the Indian company for breach of contract. The court will treat John as if he were a citizen of India for the purposes of this lawsuit.

Example 2:

Scenario: Ahmed, a citizen of a country that is currently at war with India, is residing in India without the permission of the Central Government. He wants to sue an Indian business partner for a financial dispute.

Application of Section 83: Ahmed, being an alien enemy residing in India without the required permission, is not allowed to file a lawsuit in any Indian court. His status as an alien enemy without permission bars him from seeking legal recourse in India.

Example 3:

Scenario: Maria, a citizen of a country that is at peace with India, is residing in her home country. She has a business dispute with an Indian company and wants to sue them in an Indian court.

Application of Section 83: Maria, being an alien friend residing in a foreign country, can file a lawsuit in an Indian court against the Indian company. The court will treat her as if she were a citizen of India for the purposes of this lawsuit.

Example 4:

Scenario: Li Wei, a citizen of a country that is at war with India, is residing in his home country and conducting business there without a license from the Central Government of India. He wants to sue an Indian company for breach of contract.

Application of Section 83: Li Wei, being an alien enemy residing in a foreign country and conducting business without the necessary license, is not allowed to file a lawsuit in any Indian court. His status as an alien enemy conducting unauthorized business bars him from seeking legal recourse in India.