Section 10 of CPC : Section 10: Stay of suit.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi files a lawsuit in the Delhi High Court against Shyam, claiming ownership of a piece of land. While this case is still pending, Shyam files a similar lawsuit in the Mumbai High Court against Ravi, claiming the same piece of land. According to Section 10 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, the Mumbai High Court will stay the proceedings of Shyam's lawsuit because the matter in issue (ownership of the land) is already directly and substantially in issue in the previously instituted suit in the Delhi High Court between the same parties.

Example 2:

Anita files a suit in the Bangalore City Civil Court against her business partner, Raj, for breach of contract. While this case is ongoing, Raj files a suit in the Chennai City Civil Court against Anita for the same breach of contract. Under Section 10 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, the Chennai City Civil Court will stay the proceedings of Raj's suit because the matter in issue (breach of contract) is already directly and substantially in issue in the previously instituted suit in the Bangalore City Civil Court between the same parties.

Example 3:

Priya files a lawsuit in the Kolkata High Court against her brother, Arjun, for the partition of their ancestral property. While this case is still pending, Arjun files a similar lawsuit in the Hyderabad High Court against Priya for the same partition of the ancestral property. According to Section 10 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, the Hyderabad High Court will stay the proceedings of Arjun's lawsuit because the matter in issue (partition of the ancestral property) is already directly and substantially in issue in the previously instituted suit in the Kolkata High Court between the same parties.

Example 4:

Vikram files a suit in the Ahmedabad City Civil Court against his tenant, Ramesh, for eviction due to non-payment of rent. While this case is ongoing, Ramesh files a suit in the Pune City Civil Court against Vikram for wrongful eviction. Under Section 10 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, the Pune City Civil Court will stay the proceedings of Ramesh's suit because the matter in issue (eviction due to non-payment of rent) is already directly and substantially in issue in the previously instituted suit in the Ahmedabad City Civil Court between the same parties.