Section 60 of BSA : Section 60: Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi is in a legal dispute with his former business partner, Suresh, over the ownership of a piece of land. Ravi claims that the original sale deed, which proves his ownership, is in Suresh's possession. Despite multiple requests, Suresh refuses to produce the original document. Under Section 60(a)(i) of The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, Ravi can present a photocopy of the sale deed as secondary evidence in court, since the original is in the possession of the person against whom the document is sought to be proved.

Example 2:

Priya is trying to prove that she has repaid a loan to her friend, Anil. The original loan agreement was destroyed in a fire at Priya's house. Under Section 60(c) of The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, Priya can present a scanned copy of the loan agreement as secondary evidence, since the original has been destroyed and the loss was not due to her own fault or neglect.

Example 3:

A government office in Delhi holds the original birth certificate of Rajesh, which he needs to prove his age in a court case. Since the original birth certificate is a public document under Section 74, Rajesh can use a certified copy of the birth certificate as secondary evidence under Section 60(e) of The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023.

Example 4:

Meena is involved in a case where she needs to prove the financial transactions of her company over the past ten years. The original documents consist of numerous account books and records that cannot be conveniently examined in court. Under Section 60(g) of The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, Meena can present a summary of the accounts prepared by a qualified accountant as secondary evidence to show the general result of the financial transactions.

Example 5:

Vikram is in a legal battle over the terms of a contract with his employer. The employer has admitted in writing that the original contract contains certain terms favorable to Vikram. Under Section 60(b) of The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, Vikram can use the written admission as secondary evidence to prove the contents of the original contract.