Section 131 of BNS : Section 131: Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi and Suresh are neighbors in a residential colony in Mumbai. One day, Ravi and Suresh have a minor argument over parking space. In a fit of anger, Ravi pushes Suresh, causing him to fall and sustain minor injuries. Suresh did not provoke Ravi in any significant way that could be considered "grave and sudden provocation." Under Section 131 of The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, Ravi can be punished for using criminal force against Suresh. Ravi may face imprisonment for up to three months, a fine up to one thousand rupees, or both.

Example 2:

Priya is walking in a crowded market in Delhi when she accidentally steps on Ramesh's foot. Ramesh, in a fit of rage, slaps Priya. Priya did not provoke Ramesh in any grave or sudden manner. Under Section 131 of The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, Ramesh can be punished for assaulting Priya. He may face imprisonment for up to three months, a fine up to one thousand rupees, or both.

Example 3:

During a cricket match in a local park in Bangalore, Ajay and Vikram get into a heated argument over a disputed run. Ajay, in anger, punches Vikram. Vikram did not provoke Ajay in any grave or sudden manner. Under Section 131 of The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, Ajay can be punished for using criminal force against Vikram. Ajay may face imprisonment for up to three months, a fine up to one thousand rupees, or both.

Example 4:

Meena is a shopkeeper in Chennai. One day, a customer, Anil, accuses her of overcharging and starts shouting at her. Meena, feeling insulted, throws a bottle of water at Anil. Anil's accusation, even if it was incorrect, does not amount to grave and sudden provocation. Under Section 131 of The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, Meena can be punished for using criminal force against Anil. She may face imprisonment for up to three months, a fine up to one thousand rupees, or both.