Article 342A of CoI : Article 342A: Socially and educationally backward classes.

Explanation using Example

Example 1:

Ravi is a student from a small village in the state of Maharashtra. His family belongs to a community that has historically faced social and educational disadvantages. The President of India, after consulting with the Governor of Maharashtra, issues a public notification specifying Ravi's community as a socially and educationally backward class (SEBC) in the Central List. This means that Ravi and others from his community are now eligible for certain benefits and reservations in central government jobs and educational institutions.

Example 2:

In the state of Tamil Nadu, the state government identifies a particular community that has not been included in the Central List but is considered socially and educationally backward within the state. The Tamil Nadu government, using its powers under clause (3) of Article 342A, prepares and maintains its own list of SEBCs, which includes this community. As a result, members of this community can now avail benefits and reservations in state government jobs and educational institutions, even though they are not recognized as SEBCs at the central level.